diff --git a/backend/src/db/migrate.js b/backend/src/db/migrate.js
index e564d32..f155a8c 100644
--- a/backend/src/db/migrate.js
+++ b/backend/src/db/migrate.js
@@ -72,12 +72,41 @@ async function executeMigration(pool, filename) {
 /**
  * Main migration function
  */
+function logMigrationError(error) {
+  const msg = error?.message || String(error);
+  console.error('\n✗ Migration failed:', msg || '(no message)');
+  if (error?.code) {
+    console.error('  PG code:', error.code);
+  }
+  if (error?.address && error?.port) {
+    console.error('  connect:', `${error.address}:${error.port}`);
+  }
+  if (error?.name === 'AggregateError' && Array.isArray(error.errors)) {
+    for (const e of error.errors) {
+      console.error('  —', e?.message || e);
+    }
+  }
+  if (error?.code === 'ECONNREFUSED') {
+    console.error(
+      '  hint: проверьте, что Postgres запущен и DATABASE_URL / DB_* в backend/.env совпадают с портом (часто 5432 для Postgres_TG_Bots или 5433 для локального compose).'
+    );
+  }
+  if (process.env.DEBUG_MIGRATE === '1' || !msg) {
+    console.error(error);
+  }
+}
+
 async function migrate() {
   const pool = new Pool(getPoolConfig());
 
   try {
     console.log('Connecting to database...');
-    await pool.connect();
+    const client = await pool.connect();
+    try {
+      await client.query('SELECT 1');
+    } finally {
+      client.release();
+    }
     console.log('Connected to database\n');
 
     // Ensure migrations table exists
@@ -107,7 +136,7 @@ async function migrate() {
       console.log(`\n✓ Successfully executed ${pendingMigrations.length} migration(s)`);
     }
   } catch (error) {
-    console.error('\n✗ Migration failed:', error.message);
+    logMigrationError(error);
     process.exit(1);
   } finally {
     await pool.end();